United Republic of Kivu

Official Flag of The United Republic of Kivu

Political History of the United Republic of Kivu

1 Oct 1933 Kivu and Maniema, the southern districts of the East Province, were organized as the province of Costermansville/Costermansstad created in Belgian Congo.
1947 Renamed Kivu.
1 Jul 1960 Autonomous province of the Congo republic.
10 May 1962 Administration taken over by the central government and
creation of the separate provinces of Maniema and Nord-Kivu (North Kivu).
28 Dec 1966 Province reunited.
1988 Divided into Maniema, Nord-Kivu, and Sud-Kivu.

Commissioners
1933 - 1935 Marie Georges Nortehan
1935 - 1941 Joseph Noirot
Governors
1941 - 1945 Joseph Noirot
19.. - 19.. Maurice Willaert (b. 1910 - d. 2003)
1955? Brasseur
19.. - 1960 ....

Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 24 Dec 1960 Jean Miruho (1st time)
26 Jun 1960 - Jul 1960 Clément Walubali
(president of the secessionist province of Maniema)
2 Jan 1961 - 24 Feb 1961 Anicet Kashamura (b. 1928)
1961 - 19.. Antoine Omari
(President of the secessionist State of Maniema, sponsored by the State of Katanga)
24 Feb 1961 - 11 Aug 1961 Taris Adrien Omari (b. 1916)
18 Sep 1961 - 10 May 1962 Jean Miruho (2nd time)
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
3 Jan 1967 - 19.. Léon Engulu
19.. - 1980 ....
1980 - 1986 Mwando Simba
1986 - 198. Kilolo Musanga

14 Aug 1962 Creation of the Maniema province.
25 Apr 1966 United with Central Kivu to form Sud-Kivu.
1988 Maniema province recreated.
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
12 Sep 1962 - 1962 Ignace Kanga
5 Nov 1962 - 19 Sep 1963 Hilaire Kisanga
19 Sep 1963 - 22 Jun 1964 ....
22 Jun 1964 - 21 Jul 1964 Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (1st time)
24 Jul 1964 - 5 Oct 1964 Charles Malembe (b. 1933)
(governed the territories of the old Kivu province occupied by the forces of the People's Republic)
1964 - Jan 1966 Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (2nd time)
24 Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Pascal Luanghy (b. 1917)
1988 - 19.. Tshala Mwana
19.. - 19.. Joseph Bendera
19.. - 19.. Kyembwa wa Lumona
1996 - Feb 1997 Omari Lea Sisi
Mar 1997 - Jun 1997 Lokombe Kitete
Jun 1997 - 3 Oct 1998 Ramazani Shadari (1st time)
Dec 1998 - 12 Apr 2000 Nestor Kiyimbi Mutangi
(in rebellion)
12 Apr 2000 - 2003 Gertrude Kitembo (f) (b. 1958) RCD/Goma
(in rebellion)
May 2002? Ramazani Shadari (2nd time)
2003 - 26 May 2004 Falay Selenge
26 May 2004 - 16 Mar 2007 Koloso Sumaili
16 Mar 2007 - Didier Manara Linga (b. 1964?)

North Kivu

14 Aug 1962 Creation of the province of Nord-Kivu.
28 Dec 1966 Part of restored Kivu province.
1988 Nord-Kivu province recreated.
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
11 Sep 1962 - 6 Jul 1965 Benezeth Moley (b. 1927)
6 Jul 1965 - 28 Dec 1966 Denis Paluku
19.. - 1991 Basembe Emina
1991 - Aug 1993 Kalumbo Mbogho
Aug 1993 - Nov 1996 Moto Mupenda (interim)
Oct 1996 - 31 Jul 2000 Léonard Kanyamuhanga (d. 2000)
(in rebellion to 1997 and from Aug 1998)
23 Sep 1999 - .... Kaisazira Mbaki (in rebellion)
31 Jul 2000 - 24 Feb 2007 Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka (b. 1962)
(in rebellion to 16 May 2004)
24 Feb 2007 - Julien Paluku Kahongya (b. 1968?)

Kivu Central

18 May 1963 Creation of the province of Kivu Central out of the remaining parts of Kivu province.
25 Apr 1966 United with Maniema to form Sud-Kivu.
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
16 Jul 1963 - Jul 1964 Simon Malago
Aug 1964 - 25 Apr 1966 Dieudonné Boji

South Kivu

25 Apr 1966 Formed by the union of Kivu Central and Maniema.
28 Dec 1966 Part of restored Kivu province.
1988 Sud-Kivu province recreated.

Governor
25 Apr 1966 - 28 Dec 1966 Dieudonné Boji
1988 - 1990 Ndala Kasala
1990 - Nov 1991 Dilingi Liwoke La Milengo
1992 - 1997 Kyembwa wa Lumona
Jun 1997 - Oct 1998 Jean-Charles Magabe (d. 1999)
Oct 1998 - 10 Jun 2002 Norbert Basengezi Katintima
(in rebellion)
May 2002? Musamba Mondero
10 Jun 2002 - 26 Jan 2003 Patient Mwendanga
(in rebellion)
26 Jan 2003 - 26 May 2004 Xavier Ciribanya Cirimwami
(suspended from 9 Feb 2004)
(in rebellion)
Oct 2003? Fumi Tambwe
7 Feb 2004 - 26 May 2004 Jean-Pierre Mazambi
(acting for suspended Cirimwami)
26 May 2004 - 10 Nov 2005 Augustin Bulaimu
(suspended from 25 Apr 2005)
25 Apr 2005 - 10 Nov 2005 Alimasi Ndomba Pauni (interim)
10 Nov 2005 - 24 Feb 2007 Bu Amba Amba Déogracias
24 Feb 2007 - Célestin Cibalonza Byaterana (b. 1964?)

There were five main protagonists in the Congo crisis that lasted from 1960 to 1964.
Tshombe: President of secessionist State of Katanga.
Kasavubu: President of newly Independent Central Government of Congo.
Lumumba: Premier of the above (and enemy of Kasavubu).
The belgian government and belgian mercenaries
The United Nations (pushed by the USA).

Other players in this sad drama of greed, murder and intrigue were the Rwanda Government, the CIA, multinationals, and anyone else that had a stake in the mineral resource pie.

4 July 2007 - The Baraza Kuu la Kivu, The Parliament of Kivu Declares the Independece of the United Republic of Kivu and elects Elie-Desire Atawale has its first Elected President of the Republic by Parliament, untill such time universal general elections be called.

United Republic of Kivu	Images of United Kivu II	Images of United Kivu III
Images of United Kivu I	KIVU NATIONAL BANK	Images of United Kivu IV
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885	KIVU COFFEE	KIVU MINING
United Kivu Political Status	KIVU FISHERIES	KIVU PALM OIL
United Republic of Kivu	KIVU METHANE GAS EXTRACTION	VIDEOS
Investment in United Republic of Kivu	Invest in Kivu	History of the Kivu Chief-Kingdoms

CONSTITUTION	Private Property Rights Protection	LA VISION DE L’AVENIR DU KIVU UNIFIE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE	Kivu National Investment Policy	VISION OF A UNITED KIVU
TABLE RONDE GOMA	Kivu Registry Act	KIVU MINING ACT
GOVERNMENT CABINET OF UNITED KIVU	Massacre of Kivu Population in the South Kivu 26 and 27 May 2007	KIVU NATIONAL BANK
Letter to oppressing Foreign Forces		Kivu Postal Stamps